@article{
chen2026vem,
title={{VEM}: Environment-Free Exploration for Training {GUI} Agent with Value Environment Model},
author={Mengzhuo Chen and Jiani zheng and Lu Wang and Fangkai Yang and Chaoyun Zhang and Lingrui Mei and Wenjie Yin and Qingwei Lin and Dongmei Zhang and Saravan Rajmohan},
journal={Transactions on Machine Learning Research},
issn={2835-8856},
year={2026},
url={https://openreview.net/forum?id=q1wLUxaBPn},
note={}
}